Saest oil and pkocess of making the same



entree stares entrant cornice.

FREDERICK A. LEYENHAGEN AND J AMES W. S, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

PAINT OIL AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FREDERICK A. Lnv- ENHAGEN and JAMES W. EVANS, citizens of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paint Oils and Processes of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to paint oils of the drying class and to the process of manufacturing the same.

While various alternatives for'linseed oil have been attempted it is a well known fact that today linseed oil stands apart from all other oils for paint use and nothing has been found which supplies the qualities necessary for a paint oil and which are furnished in the most efiicient form by linseed oil with its usual drier ingredients.

The present invention aims to provide an improved paint oil which approximates the properties of linseed oil, or in certain respects may excel linseed oil, but which nevertheless can be made at low cost as compared with linseed oil. A further object of the invention is to provide a paint oil which can be manufactured from substances well known in the trade and easily obtainable in the open market, and one or more of which may be a non-drying oil heretofore considered not suitable for paint use, and which paint oil can be manufactured by a method which can be carried out in a simple manner, without special-apparatus, without the application of external heat, and at lower cost than prior methods for the same purpose.

ur improved paint oil comprises several ingredients, the most important of which is a cheap oil easily obtainable in the open market and whichtherefore can be used as the bulk or body of the material with consequent large increase in quantity or volume at relatively low cost. Any oil answering to this description is suitable for the purpose. The possibility of using a non-drying oil for this purpose, materially extends the field from which the body oil may be chosen.

One suitable oil is a petroleum or mineral oil, such as ordinary kerosene oil. This material, as well as other non-drying oils, has ordinarily been considered useless or at least deleterious as an ingredient of a drying paint oil, due to its failure to form a per- 'manent dry film or coating such as 1s necessary for any useful paint o1l.

Specification of Letters Patent.

creased viscosity. At the same .has become a To the bulk or body oil is added another or auxiliary oil which of itself has a higher viscosity than the base oil and which has the property of reacting with a reagent to itself become thickened to thereby obtain intime this oil should be of such character that when treated with said re-agent in the presence of the base or body oil some effect is produced upon Patented Feb. 21l, 1922. Application filed April 21, 1919. Serial No. 291,570.

said base or body oil by virtue of which it useful rather than a deleterious mgredient of the final product. This auxiliary oil should also be as cheap as possible, but as the quantity thereof in the final product is relatively low its cost is not so important. This auxiliary oil'for the mixture shouldbe one of those oils ordinarily classed as drying orv semi-drying, and which herein may all be generally grouped as drying oils. For example, it might be a'vegetable oil, menhaden or fish oil, animal oil or the like. Ordinary fish oil has been found satisfactory in'use due to its viscosity, its power of reacting with the re-agent to increase its drying ability, and its property of at the same time producing or initiating a rise of temperature in the mixture with a consequent efiect upon the mineral oil if present. g

The second or auxiliary oil referred to may also be a combination of two or more of those drying oils which are ordinarily classed as drying or semi-drying. For

ticularly the mono chloride S Cl which is readily purchasable in the open market at a cost which is relatively low when the quantity thereof used inour product is taken into consideration. However, if the halogen compounds of tellurium and selenium could be obtained cheaply they would also serve, as well as the iodide, bromide or fluoride of sulphur.

The halogen compound referred to, when added to a mixture of oils produces an internal reaction with rise of temperature, a

change in color and a change in characteristics of the several ingredients. The fish oil for example changes color and becomes darker. It also loses its characteristic'odor. If mineral oil is also present in the mixture it also appears to react either directly with the halogen compound or with the mixture of the halogen compound and drying oil or with some intermediate product of the two. At least it has been found that when the reaction is produced in a mixture containing mineral oil the mineral oil not only loses its identity but acquires drying qualities, notwithstanding the absence of glycerides therefrom. It also loses its characteristic odor, since the final product has an agreeable paint oil odor of its own in which the separate odors of mineral oil, fish oil, or other ingredients cannot be detected.

The final product is found to have drying properties which excel those of linseed oil or other similar "egetable oils when linseed or such other oils are used with the amounts of turpentine and drier customarily used for good results. For example, two adjacent surfaces of similar character and subject to identical conditions have been painted witlrpaints of identical composition excepting that in one the paint oil was pure linseed oil with the necessary turpentine and drier as aforesaid, while in the other the paint was prepared according to our invention from a base of mineral oil and smaller quantities of the semi-drying or drying oils treated with sulphur chloride but withoutother ingredients. On standing over night drying had progressed more satisfactorily and to a greater degree on that surface to which our oil paint had been applied than on the surface painted with ordinary paint.

The two surfaces were examined from time to time over a period of a month or so. It was found that our paint coating absorbed oxygen or atleast continued to dry for a longer period than the linseed oil coating and that as a result it acquired a finish with greater elasticity, toughness and durability; qualities that are desirable and even essential in a. good paint oil.

The final product also absorbs or mixes thoroughly with white lead or other'solid paint ingredients more rapidly and readily than linseed oil. Practice shows that a uniform homogeneous paint can be compounded from-our oil in almost half the time required for a similar compound of linseed and white lead. Our paint compound also flows readily under the brush and can be brushed stroke after stroke for a longer period than ordinary paints.

The proportions of the ingredients in the mixture may be varied within certain limits. Other things being equal it is of course desirable to increase the quantity of mineral oil. At the same time thequantity of drying oil in the mixture should be sufiicient to produce 01' initiate chemical action With the halogen compound and also produce suflicientheat to affect the mineral oil and complete the reactions or physical changes within the mass.

One very satisfactory composition for the purpose was prepared with the ingredients proportioned substantially as follows:

100 gallons of ordinary kerosene purchased in the open market was placed in a vat to which was added approximately 30 subsequent period of 18 to 24 hours until the temperature dropped to normal. This agitation not only creates and maintains a homogeneous mixture but also promotes the evolution of such gases as may-be formed.

At some stage in the process additional oil may be addedif desirable, such as lseed oil, Japanese oil,- or one of the vegetable oils in relatively small quantity, for example, approximately the quantity of fish oil, although the relative proportions of the two may of course be varied to some extent. For example, another batch of very satisfactory high grade paint oil was made by mixing together 80 parts of kerosene oil, 80 parts of fish oil and 40 parts of Japanese oil. The entire mixturewas thoroughly stirred and treated at ordinary temperature -without the application of external heat with two parts of sulphur chloride to each 150 parts of the mixture. WVhile in this case the Japanese oil was added to the initial mixture and treated with sulphur chloride good effects can also be obtained by adding the Japanese or some other drying or semi-drying oil to a mixture of mineral oil and fish oil which has first been treated with sulphur chloride. Indeed, Japanese or any other third oil of the drying or semi-drying class can be added at any time after the addition of the sulphur chloride to an initial mixture of a mineral and a drying or semidrying oil. It can even be added to such a mixture before the reaction with the sulphur chloride has been completed.

It is difiicult to state definitely the reactions which occur, due first to the lack of definite knowledge about the characteristics and compositions of these oils as well as to the difliculty of analysis or of definitely determining by analysis What reactions have taken place. Heretofore it has .quality of an oil was dueto the Referring more particularly to the present invention mineral oil is wholly devoid of chloride which has been added.

glycerides, and to this fact has been attributed its entire want of drying ability. It has'therefore been" considered useless or at least deleterious as a paint oil. Our investigations have shown that a halogen compound, such as sulphur chloride, appears to have little if any chemical effect upon a mineraloil such as kerosene. Regardless of the quantity of sulphur chloride added to "the mineral oil there is no rise of tempera-v ture or thickening ofthe oil. The only change is a slight change of color possibly due entirely to the color of the sulphur The effect of sulphur chloride on fish oil, as well as upon vegetable or other drying or semi-drying oils has already been referred to. The reaction taking place is of increasing violence as the quantity of sulphur chloride is increased, and a comparatively slight increase in the quantity of sulphur chloride thickens the fish oil to the point of gelatinization, or even further to where it becomes a more or less tough solid gum. This fact has prevented the use of sulphur chloride .as a thickening agent in a mixture containing mineral oil.

If sulphur chloride is used to thicken fish oil or a vegetable oil to a point short of gelatinization, or in other words, to a point where the fish oil is thickened but still remains liquid, then addition of an appreciable quantity' of mineral oil thins down the thickened fish oil sothat themixture does not have sufficient viscosity or body to act properly under the brush. Moreover, such a mixture of mineral oil andxtreated fish oil does not have drying qualities, but the mineral oil seems to retain its characteristic non-dryin quality. The mixture is also objectiona le' because the kerosene or mineral oil retains itscharacteristic unpleasant odor.

If sulphur chloride is added to fish oil ora drying oil inquantity suflicient to produce a solid gum it is then impossible to thin the gum with kerosene or a mineral oil, as the two do not mix. Even if heat is applied a homogeneous mixture can be secured only by careful procedure, after a long period of stirring and agitation, and.

at considerable cost for the application of the external heat. The product retains the disagreeable order of the kerosene and the drying properties are quite poor compared with our product.

Our invention contemplates the treatment with sulphur chloride not of the separate ingredients of the mixture and ultimate mixture of the treated ingredients, but the treatment with sulphur chloride or a halogen compound of a proper mixture of the ingredients. This method of procedure enables the reaction with the fish or vegetable oil to take place while it is thoroughly mixed or intermingled in a mass containing the mineral oil, so that even though the quantity of sulphur chloride is relatlvely high the mass does not thicken to too high a degree. Also, as before stated, the mineral oil 'appears to lose its identity and'odor and acquire'drying ability. vention provides a method and product which enables mineral oil to be successfully incorporated with other ingredients as a satisfactory paint oil.

The method of manufacturing the final product does away entirely with the external application of heat and thereby materially decreasesthe cost below the cost of boiled linseed oil. It also does away with the necessity for chemicalor other driers such as are necessary with raw linseed oil, nor are gums or similar materials added to the mass. Nevertheless the final product, while it has the requisite body or viscosity required for an efiicient paint oil it is still fluid enough for use and no benzine, turpentine or other thinner is necessary such as is 'required to thin down linseed or similar "oils after the oxygen absorbing power hasbeen increased by heat treatment as is usual.

. What we claim is 1. Method of manufacturing paint oils, consisting in mixing together a mineral oil and drying oil in raw form, and treating the same with less than two per cent by volume-of sulphur chloride.

2. Method of manufacturing paint oils, consisting in mixing together kerosene oil and drying oil inraw form containing fish oil, and treating the same with less than two per cent by volume ofsulphur chloride.

3.. A paint oil, consisting of the product of the reaction-of -less than two per cent by volume of sulphur chloride with a mixture of kerosene 'oil and drying oil in raw form containing fish oil.

In testimony whereof we afiix our signatures. v I

FREDERICK A. LEVENHAGEN. JAMES W. EVANS.

onsequently the in- 

